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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 5:29:47 GMT -4
Hello dear all How do you do? I miss you in the midth of my studies. I am doing masters in Hospital Management, in which I am writing a paper on a Public Health issue. The Epidemiology exam was good: 80/100. I also did a presentation about German Health care system that the teacher liked so much. However, in this stupid Public health course, I wrote with a friend a critique paper about alternative medicine. Most ppl who took this subject , including us, were requested to rewrite it. There is something that I think we misunderstood bcz of language barrier. Plz help me understand it more. What does : The "implications of this topic on public health" mean? If you were in my place, how would you have understood it. Please be quick in your answers as I am supposed to hand it in today. Besides, I amwriting another paper about female circumcision and the social- political- structure leading to it. Implications on public health is required too. I am supposed to submit a draft on Friday for the teacher to get feedback, so I appreciate the answers from you. all the best
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Post by gwiz on Nov 17, 2005 6:04:25 GMT -4
Hello dear all How do you do? I miss you in the midth of my studies. I am doing masters in Hospital Management, in which I am writing a paper on a Public Health issue. The Epidemiology exam was good: 80/100. I also did a presentation about German Health care system that the teacher liked so much. However, in this stupid Public health course, I wrote with a friend a critique paper about alternative medicine. Most ppl who took this subject , including us, were requested to rewrite it. There is something that I think we misunderstood bcz of language barrier. Plz help me understand it more. What does : The "implications of this topic on public health" mean? If you were in my place, how would you have understood it. Please be quick in your answers as I am supposed to hand it in today. Besides, I amwriting another paper about female circumcision and the social- political- structure leading to it. Implications on public health is required too. I am supposed to submit a draft on Friday for the teacher to get feedback, so I appreciate the answers from you. all the best I guess it means how will the public health system have to change if alternative treatments are accepted, rather than how the health of the public will be affected.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 6:17:45 GMT -4
Is it O.k if we wrote how it goes with public health principles and how it doesn't fit its ethical and other objectives?
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Post by gwiz on Nov 17, 2005 6:26:58 GMT -4
I was thinking more in terms of how will you license the practitioners, how to set up a means to test the effectiveness of the treatments, how much it will cost.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 6:39:04 GMT -4
we addressed the cost and licensing of practitioners. We need to address effectiveness of treatments. thnx
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Al Johnston
"Cheer up!" they said, "It could be worse!" So I did, and it was.
Posts: 1,453
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Post by Al Johnston on Nov 17, 2005 9:32:54 GMT -4
At a rough guess, the substitution of alternative medecine for evidence-based medecine would lead to a decline in public health which could be measured by average life expectancy.
There could be some positive effects as those who would have recovered anyway go to an alternative therapist rather than waste the time of a doctor, but that would be more than balanced by the effects of those with serious illnesses not being diagnosed or receiving proper treatment.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 9:49:02 GMT -4
At a rough guess, the substitution of alternative medecine for evidence-based medecine would lead to a decline in public health which could be measured by average life expectancy. There could be some positive effects as those who would have recovered anyway go to an alternative therapist rather than waste the time of a doctor, but that would be more than balanced by the effects of those with serious illnesses not being diagnosed or receiving proper treatment. Hi Al Johnston. NO. Alternative medicine is favored as a prevention (there are many approaches, we approached colon cleansing). Anyway, we handed in the paper. The most important thiongs should be addressed since the words shouldn't exceed 1250, and we are above this count. There is proper treatment and diagnosis in alternative medicine, and it is certainly better than the chemicals that accumulate in the body. By the way, many doctors are increasingly referring their patients to balternative medicine as statistics show. However, chronic diseases are more referred to this approach.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 11:11:32 GMT -4
This is the other paper. Ishould submitt a draft on it tomorrow, so today I will be finishing it, or tomorrow morning. Any suggestions would be appreciated. If the flow or the logic doesn't make sense, plz indicate this. Also, if you can suggest more social-political or whatever structures leading to the issue discussed before I start on the implications on Public health, please say them. regards
Female circumcision is a “set of traditional surgeries, usually performed in childhood, that remove part or all external genitalia and are conducted primarily on African and some Middle Eastern and Asian women” to limit females’ sexual desire (Lane and Cibula 2000). Hence, this practice is prevalent in a big proportion of the globe which makes it an important issue to address. This essay aims at exploring the social dimension of the issue and the structural determinants leading to this. Moreover, the essay will discuss its implications on public health.
Actually, the social mentality and religious beliefs play a very important role in this phenomenon. As most but not all societies practicing circumcision are Muslim societies, it is valid to study the look at female sexuality from the perspective of these societies. Fatima Marnissi (1975) discusses the look to female sexuality in Islam. She argues that feminine sexuality is looked at as active. That is, a woman will try to seduce men, so their sexuality should be limited. She summarizes the feminine sexuality in Islam as such: “The entire Muslim social structure can be seen as an attack on and a defense against the disruptive power of female sexuality.” (Marnissi 1975). She quotes Moroccan proverbs that show clearly the attitude about women: “Don’t trust them (women), so you wouldn’t be betrayed” and “women are fleeting wooden vessels whose passengers are doomed to destruction”. Actually, this look is not limited to Islamic societies but to conservative cultures in general, such as the ones in Africa. Such a danger should be restrained, and the “best” way to do that is circumcision. Sex outside marriage is viewed as a serious disruption of social codes and a source of social problems. Societies have progresses into organizing the access to sex through marriage. Thus, they developed a method of avoidance of men to women encounter, unlike westerners who organize sexuality rather than avoid it. (Marnissi 1975). Circumcision makes sex very painful that women might not want to seduce men to feel such pain. (REFERENCE TEXT). This view against women is connected to gender inequality. Women are expected to satisfy men’s desires and not the opposite. Circumcision is the mark of virginity and male sexual pleasure (El Dareer 1982: SHDS 1991). The male perspective in such conservative societies towards circumcision is very important. Males wouldn’t marry uncircumcised females who don’t offer them maximum pleasure. This will lead females to undergo this process to guarantee getting a husband. The idea that a woman should get married or else will be looked down at is another culturally- related sexist idea. Moreover, women are thought of to bring shame if any sexual misconduct is observed by them, which doesn’t go as such for men. This is something not true as men do try to seduce women as women try to seduce men. Moreover, this reinforcement of men’s behavior can lead him to look more freely for women (refer to psychology book), however, we see circumcision practiced against women more, as if indicating that this is the most dangerous source of the problem. Another factor leading to female circumcision is the lack of education. Sexual studies are avoided in conservative societies which lead to people being under informed and dependent on their cultural beliefs and traditions. The basic education is certainly not enough to get women educated on sexual issues. Circumcision is about indigenous knowledge that, according to Bruce Morrison (2002), “occurs in local contexts, both social and environmental, and is adapted to those contexts.” However, indigenous knowledge is not always based on facts. This lack of education leads to the perception of female circumcision as very necessary, even by the circumcised women themselves (Dettwyler 1994: Gruenbaum 1982: Lane and Rubinstein 1996). Since societies practicing circumcision are mostly agricultural societies, women’s help is needed. Women are requested to help in pasteurization and agriculture (Morrison 2002) at early ages so they are withdrawn from schools; this is if they were allowed to go to schools. The political system certainly shares a part of the responsibility. Sex education to prevent such dangerous practices should be enforced in schools and uprooting illiteracy is very necessary. Governments are responsible for not constructing awareness campaigns and constituting rules that forbids circumcision. Many poor countries don’t have accessibility to the media which makes it difficult to get to the people. Poor countries usually fall under debts and impose high taxes on their citizens, so children quit schools at early ages to help their parents with the income which renders them without the education needed. Moreover, cultural issues and sexism should be addressed by the governments to limit everything related to bad health outcomes related to culture.
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Post by gwiz on Nov 17, 2005 11:36:42 GMT -4
Makes sense on a quick read.
I wonder why women from other faiths ever want to convert to Islam, but every so often they do.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 17, 2005 13:39:40 GMT -4
Actually, Islam is strongly against circumcision, a I heard from Muslims. However, many traditions get mixed with beliefs. Perhaps I should make this clear.
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Post by gwiz on Nov 17, 2005 13:44:35 GMT -4
Yes, your piece as it stands gives the opposite idea.
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Post by Dead Hoosiers on Nov 18, 2005 2:57:59 GMT -4
I read a book not too long ago by a Muslim woman who luckily escaped the sexual mutilation her sister was forced to endure. These "circumcisions" are not performed under sterile conditions or even in a doctor's office. They are often done by mothers, grandmothers or a neighbor woman who "specializes" in these atrocities. The victims have pain for the rest of their lives and are unable to have sex, urinate or even walk without hurting. Some Muslim countries are beginning to stop this practice, but it is still rampant in parts of Africa. Islam is a barbaric, demonic, illogical, contradictory, backwards-ass religion that can't get out of the 7th century. Most were converted at swordpoint in the early days. Now, most are born into the faith. Leaving it or even speaking against it is a capital offense. Only undescriminating half-wits would join a religion like that willingly.
If any Muslims read this, I assure you there is a way out. You can have inner peace and confidence towards God and know for sure where you stand with Him. Inbox me.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 18, 2005 6:24:52 GMT -4
Listewm Dead Hoosier the last thing we want is to turn things into fanatical religious issue. I have made it clear that Islam forbids this practice. Christianity is a life of sobriety, but do the monks and the pope live such a life? or do you see the gold and the precious clothes wore by them? Religions are not applied to the last point and sometimes opposite things to religions happen. In our country, we have had 17 years of civil war bcz of religious fanatacism. It is still practiced in political context and I am really sick of people defending their faith against other faiths. There is a sentence in the Koran called "no coercision in religion", but unfortunately it is not applied. Don't forget the protestants when they came into existence how they killed people . Does Jesus agree on this? So stop this behavior, it is not civil, and doesn't come from a civilized person. Great, this is what I needed, to turn my topic into a disease
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Post by gwiz on Nov 18, 2005 7:09:47 GMT -4
And from my location, I've only to point to Northern Ireland for an example of Christianity having a pretty evil effect. That was way out of line, Dead Hoosiers.
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Post by lordoftherings on Nov 18, 2005 7:11:12 GMT -4
Here are my corrections...and the complete of the paper. I submitted it to the teacher for feedback, but would be better to take ideas of others.
Actually, the social mentality and religious beliefs play a very important role in this phenomenon. As most but not all societies practicing circumcision are Muslim societies, it is valid to study the look at female sexuality from the perspective of these societies. Although in the Islamic doctrines, this practice is totally denounced, it continues to be done because of the mixing between traditions and religious beliefs. However, the look at female sexuality might have lead to this practice. Fatima Marnissi (1975) .....
============== the rest on public health
Public health, as its name indicates, is a discipline of the health of the public. As there is a great number of this public suffering from this practice, this makes female circumcision a hot concern for public health. The females undergoing these practices are prone to hemorrhage, pain, urinary retention, mutilations in the anus and/or urethra. Infections and urine leakage are certainly other serious risks that can get women divorced (Toubia 1994). Pelvic infections that may result in fertility, maternal death, and formation of calculus are among the severe effects (Lane & Cibula 2000). Moreover, diseases transmitted via blood can occur because of the unsanitary conditions that take place. The quality of life in general, including sexual life is a concern in public health that is breached by female circumcision. Not to mention anxiety, dyspareunia, and diminished sexual desire (Lane & Cibula 2000), sex is made very painful through circumcision. Public health realizes the importance of getting to people through their backgrounds. Using terms that introduce this act as harmful were used. These terms rename female circumcision as “female genital mutilation” and “genital cutting”. Since this practice is forbidden in Islam, not mentioned in Christianity and Judaism, public health practitioners can work on this aspect to convince people to abandon this act. They can provide certain history of how this idea got leaked from culture, probably from the pharos to become a tradition and then leaked back to people’s mentality. They should emphasize the common aspects between public health and religions that are ethical such as “do no harm”. Female circumcision certainly breaks the ethics of public health. For example, public health puts the decision in the hand of the patient and assures consent. Female circumcision is done on females at very early ages without taking their consent. The “do no harm” is harshly breached by all these physical, social and psychological harms mentioned above. Finally, public health is a multidisciplinary approach that seeks to see the health problems from all sides of the coin. This is important to set an outline on where to interfere and break the “evil chain”. Female circumcision, as discussed above is rooted in many social, economic, and political structures and should be addressed as such. Setting health as a priority for cultures and governments is the responsibility of public health to discourage this practice. Laws and regulations against circumcision should be constituted, applied and watched over. Likewise, awareness campaigns should be carried on, with public health practitioners getting to the ground and talking to females about this issue to get their confidence. Their responsibility goes even to monitoring this practice by encouraging doctors to report such cases if they know about them.
Females are the second wing of society that is needed for this society to fly. It is said that “birds of the feather flock together”. Certainly, the dream of public health is the dream of many oppressed women who not only seek a better health, but equality in rights and status. Hand in hand with public health, women can make their dreams possible.
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